Lesson 3 Wearing Uniforms (穿著制服)

課文重點分析

1. So do most sports teams.（見第 2 行）
(1)”so”的意思是「也」，用於倒裝句。在此指「大部分的運動隊伍也一樣（要穿制服）」。
原句是：Most sports teams wear uniforms, too.
(2) most和most of的差別：
A. most後面直接加名詞 例：Most women don’t smoke.
B. 若為代名詞或是「冠詞／定冠詞／所有格」＋名詞，則前面用most of。
例：Most of the girls in my class live in Taipei. 用法類似的有some、each、one、none等。

2. But have you ever thought why it is necessary for people to wear uniforms?（見第 3 行）
(1) 句首的”But”表示語氣的轉折。
(2) 由”Why”引導的間接問句”Why it is necessary for people to wear uniforms”當做主要子句”have you ever thought ...?”的受詞。注意間接問句的主詞與動詞，要恢復成直述句的位置，也就是主詞在動詞前，與直接問句的位置不同。

3. It is easy to understand why soldiers and people on sports teams need to wear uniforms: ....（見第 6 行）
(1) 這裡的”it”是虛主詞，代替之後真主詞的不定詞片語。 例：It is convenient to shop online. 　　網路購物很方便。
(2) 由”why”引導的間接問句”why soldiers and people on sports teams need to wear uniforms”當做動詞”understand”的受詞。

4. ...: to make it clear which side or team each person is on.（見第7行）
(1) 這裡的”it”是虛受詞，代替之後真受詞的子句”which side or team each person is on”。
原句應是：to make which side or team each person is on clear
例：Andy found it hard to communicate with his girlfriend. 安迪覺得和他的女朋友溝通有困難。 
(2) “make”可接「形容詞」（原級、比較級或最高級皆可），做為受詞補語。課文表示，「制服」可讓「每人所屬的隊伍」這件事情清楚。即”make + O + adj.”
(3) “on the team”表示「在隊伍內」，注意介系詞”on”的用法。

5. ..., wearing a uniform helps the public identify them.（見第 11 行）
(1) “wearing a uniform”是動名詞片語，做為本句的單數主詞，因此主要動詞”help”，需加字尾”s”。
例：Surfing the Internet six straight hours makes Jeff tired. 連續上網六個小時，讓傑夫感到疲倦。 （makes是單數動詞）
(2) S + help + O + (to) + V Eating right and exercising regularly help me stay healthy. 正確地飲食及規律地運動有助於我保持健康。

6. There is also the feeling that people will trust them more if they are wearing a uniform.（見第 12 行）
此句的”that people will trust them more if they are wearing a uniform”做為”the feeling”的同位語，說明感覺的內容為何。

7. ... when they wear the same clothes as everyone else at their school.（見第18行）
(1)
文法／句型
When S1 + V1, S2 + V2 .... = S2 + V2 when S1 + V1 ....
When Elaine feels uncomfortable, she always goes to the doctor.
當依蓮感覺身體不舒服時，她都會去看醫生。
David likes to keep the radio on when he studies.
大衛喜歡在念書時開著收音機。

(2)
else當形容詞用，常放在不定代名詞或者疑問代名詞之後。
例：Do you need anything else to drink? 　　您還需要點任何其他飲料來喝嗎？
 else 當副詞用，常放在anywhere、 nowhere、somewhere或者其他疑問副詞之後。
以下是常見的 else 與其它單字的組合： something else/anything else/nothing else somebody else/anybody else/nobody else someone else/anyone else/no one else who else/what else

8. Supporters of school uniforms, however, say that wearing them is a good idea....（見第22行）
however 是承接詞，用來連接子句，做語氣的轉換，強調本句和上一段末句之間，語氣已由反對者觀點，轉而贊成穿制服的觀點。需注意標點符號。
請看以下的三個句子的呈現：
Richard is rich; however, he is not happy.
Richard is rich; he, however, is not happy.（本句課文即以此方式呈現）
Richard is rich; he is not happy, however.
理查很有錢；然而，他並不快樂。

9. ... because it saves students the trouble of having to decide what to wear to school each day.（見第25行）
(1)
文法／句型
Because S + V, ... = ... because S + V ...
= ..., so S + V ...
Because it rained last night, the ground is wet now.
因為昨晚下過雨，現在地面是溼的。
Cathy got good grades on the test because she studied hard.
凱西在測驗中得到了好成績，因為她非常用功。

(2) “what to wear”為名詞片語，是由名詞子句”what they want to/have to/need to wear to school”簡化而來。
例：I don’t know what to say. 　　
= I don’t know what I should say. 　　
我不知道該說些什麼。

10. It also stops students from competing with one another over what clothes they wear each day.（見第28行）
(1) “stop + O + from + V-ing”譯為「阻撓某人做某事」。
其他可表達類似意義的片語還有 “prevent ... from ...”,  "keep ... from ...” 以及”discourage ... from ...”。
例：Nobody can stop Gary from wanting a life of adventure. 　　
沒有人能阻止蓋瑞想要過著一種冒險的生活。
(2) 由 “wh-“疑問詞引導的名詞子句”what clothes they wear each day”做為介系詞over的受詞
11. This competition can make some students feel left out ....（見第 29 行）
(1) “make”可接「原形動詞」，表示讓該受詞做「原形動詞」的動作。
例：Mrs. Jones made her husband clean up the mess in the kitchen. 　　
瓊斯太太讓她的先生清理廚房的雜亂物。
(2) “feel”是連綴動詞，後面加形容詞，做為主詞補語。
例：I don’t feel comfortable. Can I go home now? 　　
我覺得不舒服。我可以現在就回家嗎？

12. Whatever your opinion about school uniforms is, it looks like they are here to stay.（見第 42 行）
= No matter what your opinion about school uniforms is, it looks like they are here to stay.
(1) 疑問詞how、what、who、when、where、which等字後面接一個ever，形成however、whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever、whichever等詞，與no matter和how、what、who、when、where、which合用後形成的連接詞片語，用法相似。

(2)可以放在句首，也可以放在句中，意思是「不論……」。
例：Whatever your attitude toward the matter is, it will not change things.
= No matter what your attitude toward the matter is, it will not change things.　
不管你對這件事的態度如何，都無法改變事情。

(3) be here to stay (= have come to stay) （習慣、流行等）被普遍接受，固定下來，存在下去
例：It seems like Windows is here to stay. 　　
似乎視窗系統會一直存在著。