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2010年8月27日 星期五

遠東英文_B3L1: The Venus Flytrap (維納斯捕蠅草)

單元教學目標

1. 認識一種肉食性植物︰維納斯捕蠅草,並認識植物各部分的英文名稱。
2. 學會欣賞描述性(descriptive)的文章。
3. 學會並靈活運用本課單字、片語及句型。
4. 訓練聽懂花店購物的對話。

課文翻譯與重點分析

1. Many plants make their food from water and sunlight, but some plants are carnivorous, which means that they eat meat.(見第1行)

(1) make 物 from 原料「用……製造……」
例:Carnivorous plants make their food from small insects or even small animals.
        Wine is made from grapes.

【比較】be made of/from 的差別:
通常成品仍保有原料的形狀、性質時,用be made of;而be made from用於成品已失去原料的形狀、性質。 例:This necklace is very expensive because it is made of pure gold.

(2) S1 + V1 ..., but S2 + V2 .... ……,但是……  (but 在此連接兩子句)
Many plants make their food from water and sunlight, but carnivorous plants eat meat.

(3) 關係代名詞which在此代替前面的句子(some plants are carnivorous)帶出一形容詞子句。
例:Some animals are herbivorous, which means that they eat plants.
       有些動物是草食性的,也就是說牠們吃植物。

2. Although most of these carnivorous plants do not live only on meat, they do get some of their food from insects.(見第3行)

(1) Although S1 + V1 ..., S2 + V2 .... (although為連接詞,不可與but同時存在)
  Although he is not tall, he is a giant in my mind.……………………………………………(○)
     Although he is not tall, but he is a giant in my mind………………………………………(X)

(2) most/some和most of/some of的差別:
most/some +名詞或本身就當代名詞
most/some of  the (所有格) + 名詞
例:Most women don’t smoke. 大多數女生不吸煙。
      Some of the boys in my class live in Taipei County. 我們班上有些男生住在台北縣。

(3) 助動詞do可強調其後之動詞的真實性,可譯為「真的……」,「的確……」。
例:I do love you.  我真的愛你。

3. When something like a small insect lands on a leaf, the sides of the leaf come together like two hands closing, and the insect is trapped between the spines.(見第11行)

(1)  like two hands closing「就像雙手密闔」,介系詞l ike + N + 分詞。
例:Her smile cheers me up like a flower blooming. 她的微笑讓我振奮起來,就像花朵盛開。

此句結構則為「When + 副詞子句 + 主要子句1 + and + 主要子句2」,and在這裡作用為連接兩個主要子句。

4. Insects land on the Venus flytrap because they can smell something sweet and they think there is food in the flower.(見第 15 行)

(1)  Because S1 + V1 ..., S2 + V2 ....  = S2 + V2 ... because S1 + V1 ....
因為……,(所以)……。

例:Because he cared about me a lot, I fell in love with him.………………………………………(○)
  He cared about me a lot, so I fell in love with him.……………………………………………(○)

(2) 形容詞多放在名詞前面,但something、nothing、everything、anything、someone等形容詞放在其後。例:Is there anything wrong? 有什麼不對嗎?

(3) and在此句的作用為連接because之後兩個子句(原因),結構為「(主要)子句 + 連接詞 +(副詞)子句1 + and +(副詞)子句2」。

5. On the leaf there are little hairs near the spines.(見第 17 行)
原句為There are little hairs near the spines on the leaf.。

6. If an insect touches one of these hairs, nothing happens, but if an insect touches two or three of them, the leaves close very quickly, and the insect is trapped by the spines.(見第 17 行)
(1) 對等連接詞but連接兩個用if帶出的假設句。
(2) two or three of them的them指前文之hairs,善用代名詞可使上下文更連貫(coherent)。

7. People have seen the leaves close in less than half a second.(見第 20 行)
「感官動詞see + 受詞 +(表受詞狀態的)動詞」的使用依後方動詞的主被動可分為兩類:
(1) 主動時:see + O + 原形V → 從頭到尾看完
                     see + O + V-ing → 看到動作進行


【比較】O + be seen +(表受詞狀態的)
  O + be seen + to V → 從頭到尾看完
  O + be seen + V-ing → 看到動作進行

8.  The name “Venus flytrap” is not really a good name for this plant because it does not catch flies.(見第 28 行)

be a good name for ... 「名符其實」
例:Formosa was a good name for Taiwan. 台灣曾經是名符其實的美麗島「福爾摩沙」。

本課背景及參考資料

 全世界都有肉食性植物,但維納斯捕蠅草只生長在特定的沼澤區域:南北卡羅萊納州。由於對這些植物的迷戀,許多人採集了為數眾多的捕蠅草,危及了野生捕蠅草。現在大部分的維納斯捕蠅草都是溫室栽培出來的。

  維納斯捕蠅草最令人稱奇的是它完美巧妙的「陷阱」機制。它的花高高地長在瘦長的莖的頂端,並且散發出一種香甜的味道吸引昆蟲。葉子圍在花的四周,大大地張開,外圍的兩邊長有尖銳的刺,葉子上長有短而硬的毛,這些毛即是一種「觸發器」:如果昆蟲觸碰到兩三根毛,葉子就會很快地闔起來,葉片兩旁的刺會緊緊相扣,那隻蟲就會卡在尖刺當中。葉子就這樣緊緊密闔好幾分鐘,形成密封的陷阱讓消化液在裡面作用,就像胃分泌胃液消化食物一樣。

        但維納斯捕蠅草並非來者不拒、照單全收。若抓到的蟲子太小,它會打開葉子幾秒鐘,好讓小蟲逃脫,因為小蟲並不能提供足夠的食物。如果抓到的不是食物,而是石頭或堅果,陷阱會再打開,把不能吃的東西吐掉。如果昆蟲太大無法吞食,就會黏掛在葉子外面,昆蟲上面原來有的細菌就會繁殖,最後葉子會變黑、腐爛、掉落。

  許多科學家對維納斯捕蠅草獨特的捕食機制很感興趣,並希望藉由研究捕蠅草的結構、以及神經傳達系統,能發明更有效率的獵食工具。