課文重點分析
1. He became so ill that he had to go into the hospital eight times.（見第4行）
(1) so ... that ... 如此……以致於……。此為表「因果」的句型之一。
例：It was so hot yesterday that we had to turn on the air conditioner and bought cold drinks.
昨天天氣很熱，以致於我們必須開冷氣並買冷飲。
These English questions were so easy that every student passed the exam.
這些英文問題是如此地簡單，以致於每位學生都通過了考試。
(2) go into the hospital 表示「住院；入院」；go to the hospital表示「去醫院」。
2. He had to stop playing sports and stop eating his favorite foods. （見第5行）
stop + V-ing 停止做某件事情
stop + to V 停下來去做某件事（to V表目的副詞，不是受詞）
3. The hardest part was not knowing what was wrong. （見第8行）
(1)”not knowing what was wrong”為一名詞片語，是”The hardest part”的主詞補語，而”what was wrong”是”not knowing”的受詞。
例：One of my favorite pastimes is swimming. （swimming是主詞補語）
我最喜歡的一項休閒活動是游泳。
Boys usually hate doing house chores. （doing house chores是hate的受詞）
男孩通常討厭做家事。
4. ..., Damien was given a new test. （見第10行）
(1) 此句使用「被動語態」(Passive Voice) 的句型。
Damien was given a new test.（被動） → The doctor gave Damien a new test.（主動）
因為動作的執行者 (by the doctor) 前文已提，在此不需再多加說明，所以本句的執行者 (by the doctor) 被省略不提。
5. All he had to do was swallow a camera! （見第11行）
文法／句型
All (that) S has/have/had to do is/was + V ....
All Damien Barry had to do was swallow a camera!
戴米恩．貝瑞所必須做的就是吞下一個照相機。
All you have to do is stay calm, relax, and smile.
你所必須做的就是保持冷靜、放輕鬆和微笑。
此句型常譯為「某人必須做的是……」，常用來強調某種情況中，最必要去做的事情。
All後面的that是「關係代名詞」，因為是受格，”that”可省略不寫，且all that可以用what來代換。
All that he had to do was swallow a camera!
= All he had to do was swallow a camera!
= What he had to do was swallow a camera!
= The only thing that he had to do was swallow a camera!
他必須做的就是吞下一個照相機。
例：What (= All that) Vincent has to do is fill out these forms.
文生必須做的就是填寫這些表格。
6. This camera was 2.6 centimeters long---the same size as a large pill. （見第12行）
(1) 2.6 centimeters long是「主詞補語」，用以說明camera的實際尺寸。
句型是用「數字＋度量衡單位＋長／寬／高形容詞」
3 kilometers long (三公里長)
100 centimeters wide (1公尺寬)
8 meters high (八公尺高)
2000 meters deep (二千公尺深)
ten years old (十歲)
(2) 破折號 (dash)，通常等於兩個連字號 (hyphen) 的長度，常做為插入語，可表示句意的短暫中斷，事物的列舉，或是同位語。就本句來分析，”the same size as a large pill”是同位語，清楚說明 “2.6 centimeters long”就是一般藥丸的大小。
【補充】 the same ... as ... 與……相同（表同一類東西）
the same ... that ... 與……一樣（表同一件東西）
例：Can I reserve the same room that I did last year?
我可以預訂我去年訂過的那一間房間嗎？
Can I reserve the same room as I did last year?
我可以預訂我去年訂過的那一類型的房間嗎？
7. ... because it can get to parts of the body that other tests can’t reach. （見第17行）
文法／句型
Because S + V, S + V... = S + V because S + V...
= S + V, so S + V...
This is a breakthrough because it can get to parts of the body.（本課句子）
Because Jill had so much homework to do, she was not allowed to watch TV.
= Jill had so much homework to do, so she was not allowed to watch TV.
因為有很多的家庭作業要做，吉兒不能夠看電視。
【補充】 ”because + 子句”常可用”because of + 名詞”代換。
例：This brand of bag sells well because the price is reasonable.
= This brand of bag sells well because of its reasonable price.
這個品牌的皮包賣得很好，因為它的價格公道合理。
I was late because there was a traffic jam.
= I was late because of the traffic jam.
因為交通阻塞，我遲到了。
(2) that引導的形容詞子句 “other tests can’t reach”修飾先行詞”the body”
8. It is also much less uncomfortable than many other tests. （見第19行）
(1) “uncomfortable”是由”comfortable”一字，加「否定」字首 (prefix) 的”un-“而成。
其它表示「否定」字首還有：”im-“、”in-“、”il-“、”ir-“、”dis-“等字。 ※ 有關”un-“其它例字，可參見本課應用字彙7.的補充。
(2) 中文要表達「較不……」，英文用”less”一字，可放在單音節或多音節的形容詞前，形成否定比較級的句型。
例：Judy is more diligent than Jim.
= Jim is less diligent than Judy.
茱蒂比吉姆更加勤奮。
=吉姆比茱蒂較不勤奮。
(3) 比較級要加強語氣，可在比較級形容詞前加上a lot, much, far, a little, rather, still, even等字。 例：My grandpa becomes much healthier than before.
我的祖父變得比以前健康許多。
Your PDA works even better than mine.
你的PDA功能比我的好得多。
His performance is far worse than before.
他的表現比以前更糟得多。
9. Seven hours later Damien went back to the hospital, and the pictures were downloaded to a computer. （見第22行） 劃線部分使用「被動語態」(Passive Voice) 的句型。
The pictures were downloaded to a computer. （被動）
→ The doctor downloaded the pictures to a computer. （主動）
因為動作的執行者 (by the doctor) 前文已提，在此不需再多加說明，所以本句的執行者 (by the doctor) 被省略不提。
10. The doctors now knew he needed surgery to cure his illness and to make him feel better. （見第26行）
(1) 劃線部分也可寫成： The doctors now knew (that) he needed .... 由”that”引導名詞子句，做為”knew”的受詞，因此”that”以省略。
(2)”make him feel better”中的”better”是受詞補語。
2010年5月1日 星期六
B1L5 Communication with Signs (標示也可通)
課文重點分析
1. He sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. （見第2行） as在此句中是連接詞的用法，意思是「當……的時候」，可用while來代替。 例：He dropped the dish as he stood up. 他起身時把盤子掉到地上了。 As he was riding a bicycle in the park, he hit a stone and fell off. 他在公園騎腳踏車時，撞上石頭跌倒了。
as當連接詞時，亦可表示「因為」或是「依照」。
例：He couldn’t go to the movies with his friends, as he had no money left.
他無法跟朋友去看電影，因為他身上沒錢了。
Do your homework as your teacher told you.
照著老師交代的方式去做功課。
2. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. （見第4行） stop 後接不定詞與動名詞意思不同。後接動名詞表示停止以下動作；後接不定詞表示開始以下動作。
文法／句型
stop + V-ing
stop + to V
Please stop making noise. I need to get some sleep.
請不要再弄出聲音來，我需要睡覺。
After walking a long distance, he stopped to take a rest.
走了很長一段距離之後，他停下來休息。
【補充】 stop + 受詞 + from + 動名詞 「阻止……去做某事」。
例：The policeman stopped us from driving into the small alley.
那位警察不讓我們開車進入小巷弄裡。
3. It appeared as if it could not go any further. （見第5行）
as if 是一種假設用法，等於as though。若是假設現在的情況，時態用過去式；若是假設過去的情況，時態用過去完成式。
文法／句型
as if + 子句
He acts as if he were a movie star.
他的行動舉止好像是個電影明星。
It sounded as if she had been very ill.
聽起來好像她那時病得很嚴重似的。
5. In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with its swollen body and shriveled wings. （見第19行） 句中用到spend + time + V-ing
文法／句型
spend + time/money + V-ing
I spent three hours finishing my homework last night.
我昨天晚上花了三個小時做完功課。
My father spent NT$ 800,000 buying a new car.
我父親花了八十萬台幣買了一部新車。
另外，若要表示花時間∕金錢在某事物上，則要用 spend + time/money + on 的句型。
例1：The government should spend more money on education.
政府應該要在教育上多投入一些經費。
例2：Dr. Jones spent nearly fifteen years on this research.
瓊斯博士花了將近十五年的時間在做這個研究。
6. Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. （見第27行）
由what所引導的名詞子句what we need in our life是主詞struggles的補語。
7. If God allowed us to go through our life without any obstacles, we would be crippled and would never be able to fly. （見第28行） 此句為假設用法，表示與現在情況不符的假設，時態用過去式；表示與過去情況不符的假設，時態用過去完成式。
文法／句型
If + S + p.t./were ..., S + would + V ....
If I knew the answer to the question, I would tell you.
如果我知道問題的答案，我會告訴你。
事實：I do not know the answer to the question, so I am not able to tell you.
1. He sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. （見第2行） as在此句中是連接詞的用法，意思是「當……的時候」，可用while來代替。 例：He dropped the dish as he stood up. 他起身時把盤子掉到地上了。 As he was riding a bicycle in the park, he hit a stone and fell off. 他在公園騎腳踏車時，撞上石頭跌倒了。
as當連接詞時，亦可表示「因為」或是「依照」。
例：He couldn’t go to the movies with his friends, as he had no money left.
他無法跟朋友去看電影，因為他身上沒錢了。
Do your homework as your teacher told you.
照著老師交代的方式去做功課。
2. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. （見第4行） stop 後接不定詞與動名詞意思不同。後接動名詞表示停止以下動作；後接不定詞表示開始以下動作。
文法／句型
stop + V-ing
stop + to V
Please stop making noise. I need to get some sleep.
請不要再弄出聲音來，我需要睡覺。
After walking a long distance, he stopped to take a rest.
走了很長一段距離之後，他停下來休息。
【補充】 stop + 受詞 + from + 動名詞 「阻止……去做某事」。
例：The policeman stopped us from driving into the small alley.
那位警察不讓我們開車進入小巷弄裡。
3. It appeared as if it could not go any further. （見第5行）
as if 是一種假設用法，等於as though。若是假設現在的情況，時態用過去式；若是假設過去的情況，時態用過去完成式。
文法／句型
as if + 子句
He acts as if he were a movie star.
他的行動舉止好像是個電影明星。
It sounded as if she had been very ill.
聽起來好像她那時病得很嚴重似的。
5. In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with its swollen body and shriveled wings. （見第19行） 句中用到spend + time + V-ing
文法／句型
spend + time/money + V-ing
I spent three hours finishing my homework last night.
我昨天晚上花了三個小時做完功課。
My father spent NT$ 800,000 buying a new car.
我父親花了八十萬台幣買了一部新車。
另外，若要表示花時間∕金錢在某事物上，則要用 spend + time/money + on 的句型。
例1：The government should spend more money on education.
政府應該要在教育上多投入一些經費。
例2：Dr. Jones spent nearly fifteen years on this research.
瓊斯博士花了將近十五年的時間在做這個研究。
6. Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. （見第27行）
由what所引導的名詞子句what we need in our life是主詞struggles的補語。
7. If God allowed us to go through our life without any obstacles, we would be crippled and would never be able to fly. （見第28行） 此句為假設用法，表示與現在情況不符的假設，時態用過去式；表示與過去情況不符的假設，時態用過去完成式。
文法／句型
If + S + p.t./were ..., S + would + V ....
If I knew the answer to the question, I would tell you.
如果我知道問題的答案，我會告訴你。
事實：I do not know the answer to the question, so I am not able to tell you.
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