Assignment for This Week

1. Study the vocabulary words of lesson 5
2. Have a quiz on Monday

L5 Communicating with Signs

單元教學目標

1. 觀察及認識日常生活中常見的標示。
2. 學會並靈活運用本課單字、片語。
3. 學會用while及All you need to do is… 的句型。
4. 藉由標示學會看懂、並且能夠口說簡易的日常生活英語。

課文重點分析

1. As you drive or walk along the streets in almost any city, you can't help but notice that there are signs everywhere: store signs, street signs, traffic signs.

連接詞as可連接兩個同時發生的事件，譯為「當……時候」，用法與while接近。
例：
(1)  Tim cried as he spoke. (Tim cried and spoke at the same time.)
(2) As he talked, we all looked at the big pimple on his nose. (He talked and we all looked at the big pimple on his nose at the same time.)

比較：以上句子也可以用while，即 I cried while I spoke.

但若一件事緊接著另一件事發生，而非同時，則用when，不能用as。
例：
(1) When he got home, he took a hot bath.（先到家再洗澡，不可能同時到家兼洗澡。)
(2) They got married when (while) they were living in Kaohsiung.

總之，兩個動作同時發生用as。若一個動作先發生，或持續的狀態較久，則用when。而while則可以是as，也可以是when；關於while的用法，詳見本課Grammar Focus。

2. While many of these signs communicate with words, there are many others that rely entirely on symbols.
(1) 連接詞while可用來連接兩個子句，在此強調兩件事的差異。
例：
(a) While I like staying home, my husband likes traveling.
(b) The afternoon tea set costs $120, while the refill is free.
(2) 此處之others 為代名詞，指other signs。

3. Anyone from any country, speaking any language, can understand them quickly and easily.
原為形容詞子句who speaks any language修飾先行詞anyone。
例：
Many signs that use symbols to communicate can convey a message quickly.
= Many signs using symbols to communicate can convey a message quickly.

4. That is why they are called international signs.
wh-疑問詞可帶出名詞子句。此處why they are called international signs是一名詞子句，用來作主詞補語。
例：
(1) That is why he was late.
(2) Spring is when the birds fly back to the north.

5. International signs have become more important around the world as more and more people are traveling from country to country.
連接詞as可引導一個表示原因的子句，意思接近because。
例：
(1) As it was getting dark, they decided to stop traveling.
(2) You should learn to be independent as you are grown up.

6. On the highway, if you’re looking for a gas station or a phone, all you need to do is watch for the (… ) or (….) signs.

此處之all為強調用法，即the only thing，用後面的形容詞子句you need to do修飾。主詞all you need to do (= the only thing you need to do)為單數主詞，故動詞用單數動詞；be V. 之後可加不定詞或名詞做主詞補語。
例：
(1) All you need to do is (to) go home and have a good sleep.
(2) All she wants is (to) take a hot bath.

7. In some places, you may even need to watch for signs that warn of deer or cattle wandering onto the road.
(1) 介係詞of 表示「……的存在」。warn of 即「提醒……的存在」。
例：
(a) His speech warned of the terrorists around us.
(b) He warned me of the danger of joining the race.

(2) 原為形容詞子句which wander into the road修飾先行詞deer or cattle。詳見課文重點分析3。

8. Therefore, in order to understand signs, we need to know words as well as symbols.
(1) 副詞therefore「因此」為一轉折語(transitional word)，可承接上下文之因果關係，使文章較有連貫。例：
Not all of the signs use symbols to communicate; therefore, learning languages is also important.
“I think; therefore, I am.” 我思故我在。(笛卡爾之名言)

比較：therefore語氣較so強烈，且是副詞無法連接兩個子句。

(2) in order to + 原形V. 可表示目的「為了……」in order to understand signs亦可放在句首或句末。即
(a) In order to understand signs, we need to know symbols as well as symbols.
(b) We need to know symbols as well as symbols in order to understand signs.

Chewing Gum

課文1~3段(P.48)

1. S + 形容詞子句 + V……
【說明】在形容詞子句中，先行詞如果是人的話，關係代名詞在關係子句中，地位若是「主格」，則用who；若是「受格」，則用whom；若是「所有格」，則用whose。
在形容詞子句中，先行詞如果事或物的話，關係代名詞在關係子句中，地位若是「主格」，則用which；若是「受格」，則用which；若是「所有格」，則用whose。
【範例】The girl who is wearing sunglasses is Peter’s girlfriend.
戴太陽眼鏡的那個女孩是彼得的女朋友。
He is the person whom I’d like to talk with.
他就是我喜歡一起交談的人。
I’m going to visit a friend whose father is a movie star.
我要去拜訪一位朋友，他父親是電影明星。
I want to buy a book which/that has many pictures in it.
我要買一本裡頭有很多圖片的書。
Can I borrow the book which/that you bought last week?
我可以向你借你上週買的那本書嗎?
A book whose pages are torn is worth less money.
內頁被撕毀的較不值錢。
【Your Turn】
這是你正在等待的男孩嗎?
Is this the boy you are waiting ?
你有一位女朋友的名字叫做莉莉嗎?
Do you have a girlfriend is Lily?

2. It takes (人) 時間 to V…… 做某事花了某人多少時間
【說明】It costs (人) 金錢 to V…. 做某事花了某人多少金錢
【範例】It took me half an hour to walk here.
走到這兒花了我半個鐘頭。
It will cost you two months’ salary to take this trip.
這趟旅遊將花你兩個月的薪水。
【Your Turn】
要完成這計劃得花上我們三年的時間。
will us three years to finish this project.

3.　take (A) off (B) 將(A)從(B)處移開；脫下(帽子、衣服等)
【說明】take off (飛機等)起飛；出門；離去
【範例】Take your hands off me.
把你的手拿開，不要碰我。
Please take your hat off in the classroom.
在教室請脫帽。
When will your plane take off?
你的飛機幾點起飛?
The thief took off immediately when we opened the door.
當我們開門時，小偷就立刻跑掉了。
【Your Turn】
可否請你脫下你的太陽眼鏡?
Would you please your sunglasses?

4. S + have/has + p.p. + for 一段時間 …做…有一段時間了
【說明】此句型為現在完成式，用來表示從過去開始到目前為止，持續、完成的動作或經驗。
【範例】We have lived here for five years.
我們已經住在這兒五年了。
【Your Turn】
　我已經認識這男人三年了。
　I the man three years.

5. a piece of 一片，一張，一塊等
【說明】a piece of cake很容易做的事，小事一樁。
a piece of 可以用來作為許多不可數名詞的計算單位：
a piece of furniture一件家俱
a piece of advice一則建議
a piece of clothing一件衣服
【範例】Could you give me a piece of paper?
你能給我一張紙嗎?
I purchase a piece of furniture yesterday.
我昨天買了一件傢俱。
【Your Turn】
讓我們把一張紙折成一把槍的形狀。
Let’s fold a of into the shape of a gun.

6. Instead + S + V…. 代替；不…..而….
Instead of + N/V-ing,…….
【說明】instead是副詞，可置於句首或句尾。
【範例】I don’t think your boyfriend will marry you. I think he is going to marry Linda instead.
我想妳的男朋友不會娶你，而是很快就會跟琳達結婚。
Instead of buying a big house, they bought a small cottage.
他們沒有買大房子而是買了一間小屋。
【Your Turn】
　如果你不想去，我可以代替你去嗎?
　If you don’t want to go, can I go ?
　我們沒有去看電影而是去聽音樂會。
　 going to the movie, we went to the concert.
　
7.　N + 分詞(-ing與-p.p.)片語(由形容詞子句簡化而成)
【說明】在此句型中，動詞與所修飾的名詞關係為主動時，用「現在分詞片語」。而動詞與所修飾的名詞關係為被動時，用「過去分詞片語」
【範例】Do you know the tall, thin boy sitting under the tree?
　　　　你認識坐在樹下那個瘦高的男孩嗎?
　　　　The function will delete all e-mails stored in your computer.
　　　　這項功能會刪除你存在電腦裡的所有電子檔案。
【Your Turn】
　他寄口香糖給每個列在美國電話簿上的人。
　He sent pieces of gum to everyone in the U.S. phone book.

課文4段(P.49)

8. at one time 曾有一度，往昔
【說明】at the same time 同時
【範例】At one time, Melody didn’t like me. But now we are good friends.
從前美樂蒂不喜歡我，但現在我們是好朋友。
Cathy always laugh and cry at the same time.
凱斯總是同時哭又笑。
【Your Turn】
我們曾經都是動物。
we were all animals.

9. clean up 把….清理乾淨，整理
【範例】Please clean up your room before lunch.
吃中餐前，請把你的房間收拾乾淨。
【Your Turn】
學生們將於明天打掃教室
Students are going to the classroom tomorrow.

The Result of the First Midterm Exam

Dear all,

In high school, you have to make it rule to learn independently. Without your involvement in learning, it is impossible to get high score. Please figure out the difficulty and bring your questions to class.
The following is the result of the first midterm exam.