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2010年6月6日 星期日

B2L6 Toon Time (卡通時間 )

課文解析










1. Animated movies are often big hits. (見第1行)
 
分詞作形容詞修飾名詞時,可置於名詞的前面或後面,通常若是只有分詞這個單一的字作形容詞用時,置於名詞的前面,此為前位修飾;而若是從形容詞子句簡化而來的分詞片語,則通常置於名詞之後,此則為後位修飾。
例:
Don’t wake that sleeping baby.(單一個現在分詞的字,前位修飾) 不要把睡著的嬰孩弄醒。
I threw away the broken glass.(單一個過去分詞的字,前位修飾) 我把破掉的玻璃杯丟掉 。

My uncle living in Taichung is a doctor.(兩個字以上的現在分詞片語,後位修飾) 我有一位住在台中的叔叔是醫生。
Father bought a car made in Japan.(兩個字以上的過去分詞片語,後位修飾) 爸爸買了一輛日本製造的車。


2. In 2001, animated movies made more than US$755 million. (見第3行)
(1) make在此為「賺(錢)」的意思。
例:I make thirty thousand dollars per month. 我每個月賺三萬元。
(2) more than:超過 例:I have studied for more than four hours. 我已唸書超過四個小時了。
(3) US$755 million 唸作 seven hundred and fifty-five million U.S. dollars

3. In 2002, for the first time, an Oscar was given to the best animated movie of the year. (見第4行)
give在此意思為「把(獎賞)授與(某人)」 之意,為授與動詞。
 但因為大家都知道Oscar是由the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences所頒,可把它省略,所以變成 。

授與動詞的被動語態有兩種寫法
原主動為
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave an Oscar to the best animated movie of the year.
被動一
An Oscar was given to the best animated movie of the year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
被動二
The best animated movie of the year was given an Oscar by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

4. More than 750 artists drew the pictures that were used to make it. (見第8行)
(1) “that were used to make it”是形容詞子句,修飾先行詞pictures。
(2) be used to 原形V:(某物)被用來……
例:This knife is used to cut bread. 這把刀是用來切麵包的。

【補充】 used to 原形V (過去習慣) vs. be/get used to V-ing  (現在漸漸習慣)
例:I used to get up early when I was a student.   當我(過去)還是學生時,我一向早起。   
       I am used to getting up early now.   我現在已漸漸習慣早起。

5. Now animated movies are made with computers. (見第9行)
with在此為「用」的意思。
例:You can open the door with this key. 你可以用這把鑰匙把門打開。

6. This method is a lot cheaper. (見第10行)
修飾形容詞或副詞原級的字:very、quite、so、pretty、rather、a little、too、enough。
修飾形容詞或副詞比較級的字:a lot、much、far、a little、rather、somewhat、still、even。

例:I felt very tired. 我覺得很疲倦。
       It was quite cold yesterday; it is even colder today. 昨天相當冷,今天甚至更冷。

【補充】 除 enough放在所要修飾字的後面外,其餘均放在前面。
例:Linda is old enough to get married.   琳達年紀大到可以結婚了。

7. That is why more animated movies are being made now. (見第11行)
(1) That is why S + V .... 那就是……的原因
例﹕The train delayed this morning. That is why I was late.  火車今天早上誤點,那就是為什麼我遲到的原因。
Birds have wings. That is why they can fly. 鳥有翅膀,那就是為什麼牠們能夠飛的原因。

(2) are being made為現在進行式的被動型態。
The walls are being painted by Kevin.   牆壁正由凱文在粉刷中。   
The letter is being typed by the secretary now.   那封信現在正由秘書在繕打中。

文中省略了「by + 動作的發起者」。一般而言,在被動語態中,若是不知誰是動作的發起者或是其在句中不重要,就不會被提起。
例:The book had been stolen (by someone).   這本書被(某人)偷了。   
       This car was not made in Taiwan.   這輛車不是台灣製的。

8. The same people who made Toy Story also made A Bug’s Life (1998) and Monsters, Inc. (2001). (見第14行)
who made Toy Story是形容詞子句用來修飾先行詞the same people。
【補充】 有些文法書會說若先行詞前有the same時,關係代名詞要用that,但其實在英文語法裡並無如此規定。

9. To make a great animated movie, good animation is necessary. (見第17行)
(1)To V ..., S + V .... 為了要……
例:To finish the project in time, the engineers worked day and night. 為了要及時把計畫完成,工程師日以繼夜地工作。

例:To lose some weight, Jean goes to the gym every day. 為了減肥,珍每天都上健身房。
        To win the gold medal, every player practices very hard. 為了贏得金牌,每位球員都很努力練習。

To V是用來表達目的,意思是「為了要……」(= In order to V),亦可把to V放在子句S+V的後面。

10. But so is a good story. (見第18行) = But a good story is necessary, too.
So + be/aux. + S. ……也是
例:I like flowers. So does Mary.  我喜歡花,瑪莉也是。
        Bob was absent yesterday. So was his sister. 鮑伯昨天缺席,他的妹妹也是。
        Karen has been to France. So have I.  凱倫去過法國,我也是。

此句型是一個倒裝句,接在肯定句之後。

 【補充】 若接在否定句之後,則句型為:Nor/Neither + be/aux. + S.(……也不)。
例:Tom doesn’t smoke. Nor do I. 湯姆不抽煙,我也不抽。
        Maria will not come. Neither will Linda. 瑪莉亞不會來,琳達也不會來。

11. It also had famous actors doing the voices of all the characters. (見第19行)
do someone’s voice 裝成某人的聲音,配音
例:Can you do a woman’s voice, Jack?   傑克,你可以裝成女人的聲音嗎?

doing the voices of all the characters是從形容詞子句who did the voices of all the characters簡化而來,此即課文重點分析第1點所說的後位修飾之分詞片語。

形容詞子句簡化成分詞片語的步驟為:
(1) 去掉作主格用的關係代名詞。
(2) 將關係子句中的動詞改為分詞。 主動:V-ing {被動:p.p.(也就是直接把be 動詞去掉) 例:Do you know the man who lives next door?   →Do you know the man living next door?   
       你認識住在隔壁的那個男人嗎?   
      They have a lovely daughter who is called Selina. →They have a lovely daughter called Selina.   
      他們有一個可愛的女兒叫做珊琳娜。

12. Computer animation is getting better all the time, so animated movies should keep getting better too!(見第26行)
 (1) 現在進行式可以用來談論「發展中或正在改變的情況」,即使是長期的情況也可以。
be getting +形容詞比較級  ……變得比較……
例:It is getting hotter. 天氣變得愈來愈熱。
I am worrying that I am getting fatter. 我很擔心愈來愈胖。

(2) so為對等連接詞,用來表示結果,意思為「所以,因此」。
(3) keep + V-ing 繼續…… 例:The little child kept crying. 那個小孩一直在哭。

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